Page 14 - NIS Malayalam November 16-30

{]-tXy-I dn-t¸mÀ-«v
`-c-W-L-S-\m-Zn-\w

N-{Iw ^v--fm-Kv tIm-Uv

l sh-fp-¯ `m-K-¯v, a-[y- l 2002, P-\p-h-cn 26 \v, kzm-X-{´ym-\-´-cw G-I-tZ-iw 65 hÀ-j-§Ä-¡p-
¯m-bn \m-hn-I-tk-\- ti-jw C-´y-bp-sS ]-Xm-I tIm-Uv ]-cn-jv--¡-cn-¨p. ap-¼v, tZ-io-b Zn-h-
bp-sS \o-e-\n-d-¯n k-§-fn am-{X-am-bn-cp-¶p ]-Xm-I D-bÀ-¯m³ A-\p-a-Xn. F-¶mÂ,
24 B-c-¡m-ep-I-fp-Å ]-cn-jv--I-c-W-¯n-\p-ti-jw, C-´y-bn-se P-\-§Ä-¡v, ho-Sp-IÄ, Hm-
[À-a-N-{Iw Im-Wmw. ^o-kp-IÄ, ^m-Î-dn-IÄ F-¶n-hn-S-§-fn Zn-h-k-hpw, tZ-io-b-]-Xm-I
D-bÀ-¯m³ A-\p-a-Xn-bp-ïv. C-t¸mÄ C-´y-¡mÀ-¡v, cm-Py-¯v F-hn-
A-tim-I-kv-Xw-`-¯n-
sS, F-t¸mÄ th-W-sa-¦n-epw tZ-io-b-]-Xm-I A-`n-am-\-t¯m-sS {]-ZÀ-
se knw-l-cq-]-¯nÂ
in-¸n-¡m-\m-hpw. {Xn-hÀ-W ]-Xm-I-tbm-Sv bm-sXm-cp-hn-[-¯n-ep-Å
\n-¶m-Wv C-Xv F-Sp-¯n-
A-]-a-cym-Z-bpw {]-ZÀ-in-¸n-¡m-sX, ^v--fm-Kv tIm-Uv IÀ-i-\-am-bn ]-m-en-
«p-Å-Xv. '\n-b-a-¯n-sâ
¨p-sIm-ïm-h-W-an-Xv. ku-I-cy-¯n-\p-th-ïn, ^v--fm-Kv tIm-Uv 2002 s\
Cu N-{Iw' cm-Py-¯n-
aq-¶v `m-K-§-fm-bn Xn-cn-¨p: H-¶mw `m-K-¯nÂ, tZ-io-b ]-Xm-I-bp-sS
sâ ]p-tcm-K-Xn-sb kq- s]m-Xp hn-h-c-Ww DÄ-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. c-ïmw `m-K-¯n s]-m-
Nn-¸n-¡p-¶p. ]-Xm-I-bn- Xp, kz-Im-cy kw-L-S-\-IÄ, hn-Zym-`ym-k Øm-]-\-§Ä F-¶n-h-bn-se
se sh-fp-¸v ]-«-bp-sS Aw-K-§Ä-¡v ]-Xm-I D-bÀ-¯p-¶-Xp-kw-_-Ôn-¨ hn-h-c-§-fpw aq-¶mw
G-I-tZ-iw Xp-ey A-f- `m-K-¯v tI-{µ þ-kw-Øm-\ K-h¬-saâp-IÄ, A-h-bp-sS kw-L-S-\-
hn-em-Wv N-{I-¯n-sâ IÄ, G-P³-kn-IÄ F-¶n-h-bn þ ]-Xm-I D-bÀ-¯p-¶-Xv kw-_-Ôn-¨
hym-kw. hn-h-c-§-fpw tNÀ-¯n-cn-¡p-¶p.

{Xn-hÀ-W ]-Xm-I-bp-sS ]-cn-Wm-aw

kzm-X-{´y k-a-c Im-e-¯v, tZ-io-b ]-Xm-I D-]-tbm-Kn-¡m³ Xp-S-§n-b-Xp ap-X A-Xv \n-c-h-[n am-ä-§Ä-¡v hn-t[-b-am-bn-«p-ïv.
C-´y³ ]-Xm-I-bp-sS ]-cn-Wm-a-hp-am-bn _-Ô-s¸-« Nn-e N-cn-{X-]-c-am-b \m-gn-I-¡-Ãp-IÄ C-h-bm-Wv.
l 906 B-K-Ìv 7\m-Wv, B-Zy-am-bn tZ-io-b ]-Xm-I D-bÀ-¯n-b-Xv. sImÂ-¡-¯-bn-se (A-¶-s¯ IÂ-¡-«) ]À-kn-_-Km³ N-Xz-c-¯nÂ
1
({Ko³ ]mÀ-¡v) B-bn-cp-¶p ]-Xm-I D-bÀ-¯n-b-Xv. Np-h-¸v, a-ª,]-¨ \n-d-§-fn aq-¶p Xn-c-Ýo-\ ]-«-IÄ ]-Xm-I-bn D-ïm-bn-cp-¶p.
l c-ïm-a-s¯ ]-Xm-I D-bÀ-¯n-b-Xv 1907  ]m-co-kn am-Uw Im-a-bpw a-äv \m-Sp-I-S-¯-s¸-« hn-¹-h-Im-cn-I-fpw tNÀ-¶m-Wv. B-Zy-s¯ ]-Xm-
I-bv-¡v k-am-\-am-bn-cp-¶p C-Xv. s_À-en-\n H-cp tkm-jy-en-Ìv tIm¬-^-d³-kn Cu ]-Xm-I {]-ZÀ-in-¸n-¨p.
l aq-¶m-a-Xm-bn ]-Xm-I D-bÀ-¶ 1917 B-b-t¸m-tg-¡pw cm-{ão-b k-a-c-§Ä \n-Ýn-X h-gn-¯n-cn-hn F-¯n-bn-cp-¶p. tlmw dqÄ {]-Øm-\-
¯n-sâ `m-K-am-bn B-\n _-kâpw tem-I-am-\y-Xn-e-Ipw tNÀ-¶m-Wv ]-Xm-I D-bÀ-¯n-b-Xv. Np-h-¶ \n-d-¯n-se A-©pw, ]-¨-\n-d-¯n-se
\m-epw Xn-c-Ýo-\ h-c-IÄ H-¶n-S-hn-«v {I-a-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn cp-¶p. k-]v-XÀ-jn k-aq-l-¯n-se 7 \-£-{X-§-sf-bpw ]-Xm-I-bn tNÀ-¯n-cp-
¶p. C-S-Xp-h-i-¯v ap-I-fn-em-bn ( Xq-Wn-sâ `m-K-¯p-Å-Xv) Pm-¡v bq-Wn-b³ D-ïm-bn-cp-¶p. H-cp sh-fp-¯ N-{µ-¡-e-bpw \-£-{X-hpw
aq-e-bn tNÀ-¯n-cp-¶p.
l _-kz-Zm( C-t¸m-g-s¯ hn-P-b-hm-U) HmÄ C-´y tIm¬-{K-kv I-½n-än-bp-sS 1921 sk-j-\n B-{Ô-{]-tZ-in-se bp-hm-hm-b ]nw-K-fn sh-¦-¿
H-cp ]-Xm-I cq-]o-I-cn-¡p-I-bpw Km-Ôn-Pn-¡v \Â-Ip-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. {]-[m-\ k-ap-Zm-b-§-fm-b ln-µp-¡-sf-bpw ap-Éo-§-sf-bpw {]-Xn-
\n-[o-I-cn-¨p-sIm-ïv Np-h-¸v,]-¨ \n-d-§Ä B-Wv Cu ]-Xm-I-bn D-ïm-bn-cp-¶-Xv. 1931  ]-Xm-I Aw-Ko-I-cn-¨p. C-´y³ tZ-io-b tk-\-
bp-sS bp-² Nn-Ó-hpw Cu ]-Xm-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p.
l hÀ-jw 1931,]-Xm-I-bp-sS N-cn-{X-¯n-se \m-gn-I-¡-Ãm-Wv. {Xn-hÀ-W ]-Xm-I-sb H-cp tZ-io-b-]-Xm-I-bm-bn kzo-I-cn-¨p sIm-ïv {]-ta-bw
]-m-km-¡n. \n-e-hn-se ]-Xm-I-bp-sS ap³-Km-an-bm-b Cu ]-Xm-I-bn Ip-¦p-aw, sh-Å, ]-¨ F-¶o \n-d-§-fpw a-lm-ßm-Km-Ôn-bp-sS NÀ-
¡ a-[y-`m-K-¯pw tNÀ-¯n-cp-¶p.F-¶m C-Xn-\v bm-sXm-cp k-ap-Zm-bn-I {]m-[m-\y-hp-an-sÃ-¶pw A-¯-c-¯n hym-Jym-\n-t¡-ï-Xn-sÃ-
¶pw hy-à-am-¡n-bn-cp-¶p.
l 1947 Pq-sse 22\v `-c-W-L-S-\m A-kw-_v-fn C-Xn-s\ kz-X-{´ C-´y-bp-sS tZ-io-b-]-Xm-I-bm-bn Aw-Ko-I-cn-¨p. kzm-X-{´ym-\-´-cw C-Xn-se
\n-d-§-fpw {]m-[m-\y-hpw A-tX-]-Sn \n-e-\nÀ-¯n. a-[y-`m-K-s¯ NÀ-¡-bv-¡v ]-I-c-am-bn A-tim-I-N-{I-hÀ-¯n-bp-sS [À-½-N-{Iw tNÀ-
¯p.
Source: https://knowindia.gov.in

12 \yq- C´y kam-NmÀ