Page 8 - NIS-Malayalam June 1-15 2022

h-y-à-n-X-z-w `-K-h-m³ k-z-m-a-n-\-m-c-m-b¬

A-t-±-l-w s-X-f-n-¨ h-g-n-b-n-e-q-s-S

e-£-§Ä k-©-c-n-¡-p-¶-p

C-´-y-b-p-s-S k-¼-¶-a-m-b k-w-k-v--I-m-c-¯-n-s-â `-m-K-a-m-b-n \-n-c-
h-[-n a-l-m-c-Y³-a-mÀ ]-n-d-h-n-s-b-S-p-¯-n-«-p-ï-v. A-hÀ X-§-f-p-s-S
P-o-h-n-X I-m-e-¯-v k-a-q-l-¯-n h-n-¹-h-I-c-a-m-b {-]-hÀ-¯-
\-§Ä \-S-¯-p-¶-X-n-s-\-m-¸-w B-t-K-m-f X-e-¯-n t-I-m-
S-n-¡-W-¡-n-\-m-f-p-I-s-f k-z-m-[-o-\-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w s-N-b-v-X-n-«-p-ï-v.
k-z-m-a-n-\-m-c-m-b¬ ]-£-¯-n-s-â Ø-m-]-I-\-m-b k-l-P-m-\-µ-v
k-z-m-a-n C-¯-c-¯-n-e-p-Å a-l-Z-v h-y-à-n-X-z-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. t-e-m-
I-s-a-¼-m-S-p \-n-¶-p-a-p-Å K-p-c-p-h-n-s-â `-àÀ A-t-±-l-s-¯
s-s-Z-h-¯-n-s-â A-h-X-m-c-a-m-b-n I-ï-v B-c-m-[-n-¨-p. `-àÀ
A-t-±-l-s-¯ B-c-m-[-\-m-]-qÀ-h-w h-n-f-n-¨-n-c-p-¶-X-v `-K-h-m³
k-z-m-a-n-\-m-c-m-b¬ F-¶-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p.

P-\-\-w: 1781 G-{-]-n 3-, a-c-W-w: 1830 P-q¬ 1

-t-b-m-[-y-b-n-s-e t-K-m-ï P-n-Ã-b-v-¡-S-p-¯-v O-s-s-]- \-m-b a-p-à-m-\-µ k-z-m-a-n-s-b I-ï-p-a-p-«-n.
A¿-b-n-s-e H-c-p {-_-m-l-v--a-W I-p-S-p-w-_-¯-n 1781
G-{-]-n a-q-¶-n-\-v P-\-n-¨ C-t-±-l-s-¯ a-m-X-m-]-n-X-m-¡Ä 1800 H-t-Î-m-_À 20\-v c-m-a-m-\-µ k-z-m-a-n-b-n \-n-¶-v
h-m-Õ-e-y-t-¯-m-s-S L-\-i-y-m-w F-¶-v h-n-f-n-¨-p. A-t-±- k-\-y-m-k-w k-z-o-I-c-n-¨ A-t-±-l-w k-l-P-m-\-µ-v k-z-m-a-n
l-¯-n-s-â I-¿-n ]-Z-v-a N-n-Ó-h-p-w ]-m-Z-¯-n X-m-a-c F-¶ t-]-c-n A-d-n-b-s-¸-S-m³ X-p-S-§-n. c-m-a-m-\-µ k-z-m-a-n
N-n-Ó-h-p-w D-ï-m-b-n-c-p-¶-X-m-b-n ]-d-b-s-¸-S-p-¶-p. C-u k-l-P-m-\-µ-v k-z-m-a-n-s-b X-s-â ]-n³-K-m-a-n-b-m-b-n D-²-h
I-p-«-n t-I-m-S-n-¡-W-¡-n-\-v P-\-§Ä-¡-v i-c-n-b-m-b ]-m-X ]-£-¯-n-s-â X-e-h-\-m-b-n \-n-b-a-n-¨-p. C-X-n-\-v t-i-j-w
I-m-W-n-¨-p-s-I-m-S-p-¡-p-s-a-¶-v t-P-y-m-X-n-j-n-IÄ {-]-h-N-n-¨-n-c-p- D-²-h ]-£-w k-z-m-a-n-\-m-c-m-b¬ ]-£-w F-¶ t-]-c-nÂ
¶-p. A-t-±-l-¯-n-s-â s-N-d-p-¸-I-m-e-s-¯-¡-p-d-n-¨-v a-s-ä-m-c-p A-d-n-b-s-¸-S-m³ X-p-S-§-n. c-m-a-m-\-µ-v k-z-m-a-n-b-p-s-S a-c-W-
{-]-i-k-v-X-a-m-b t-I-«-p-t-IÄ-h-n D-ï-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. A-t-±-l- t-i-j-w k-l-P-m-\-µ-v k-z-m-a-n k-z-m-a-n-\-m-c-m-b¬ F-¶
¯-n-s-â ]-n-X-m-h-v [À-a-t-Z-h-v H-c-p ]-m-{-X-¯-n-\-v a-p-I-f-n t-]-c-n A-d-n-b-s-¸-«-p. C-X-n-s-\-¯-p-SÀ-¶-v A-t-±-l-¯-n-
k-zÀ-W \-m-W-b-w-, I-¯-n-, `-K-h-Z-v K-o-X-b-p-s-S H-c-p ]-X-n- s-â I-oÀ-¯-n t-e-m-I-s-a-§-p-w h-y-m-]-n-¨-p.
¸-v F-¶-n-h h-¨-p. I-p-«-n A-h-b-n \-n-¶-v `-K-h-Z-v K-o-X
X-n-c-s-ª-S-p-¯-p. A-©-m-w h-b-k-n A-t-±-l-¯-n-\-v A-t-±-l-w X-s-â i-n-j-y³-a-m-t-c-m-S-v A-©-v {-]-X-n-Ú
A-£-c-§Ä ]T-n-¡-m³ I-g-n-ª-p. F-S-p-¡-m³ \-nÀ-t-±-i-n-¨-p. a-m-w-k-w-, a-Z-y-w t-a-m-j-W-w-,
h-y-`-n-N-m-c-w-, k-z-mÀ-°-X F-¶-n-h-b-n \-n-¶-v h-n-«-p-\-nÂ-
F-«-m-w h-b-k-n D-]-\-b-\-w I-g-n-ª-v A-t-±-l-w h-n- ¡-m³ i-n-j-y³-a-m-t-c-m-S-v B-h-i-y-s-¸-«-p. A-t-±-l-w X-m³
h-n-[ t-h-Z-{-K-Ù-§Ä ]T-n-¨-p. a-m-X-m-]-n-X-m-¡-f-p-s-S a-c- c-q-]-s-¸-S-p-¯-n-b \-n-b-a-§Ä IÀ-i-\-a-m-b-n ]-m-e-n-¨-p.
W-t-i-j-w s-h-d-p-w 11 h-b-k-v {-]-m-b-a-p-Å-t-¸-mÄ A-t-±-l-w e-l-f-IÄ-, P-o-h-X-y-m-K-§Ä-, k-X-n {-]-Y-, s-]¬-I-p-ª-p-
P-\-§-f-p-s-S t-£-a-¯-n-\-m-b-n {-]-hÀ-¯-n-¡-m³ h-o-S-v h-o-«-n- §-s-f s-I-m-e-s-¸-S-p-¯Â-, b-m-K-¯-n-s-e Z-pÀ-a-{-´-h-m-Z-w
d-§-n. A-S-p-¯ G-g-v hÀ-j-w A-t-±-l-w c-m-P-y-¯-p-S-\-o-f-w X-p-S-§-n-b A-\-m-N-m-c-§Ä A-t-±-l-w A-h-k-m-\-n-¸-n-¨-p.
k-©-c-n-¨-p. C-X-n-\-v t-i-j-w P-\-§Ä A-t-±-l-s-¯ \-o-e- 1822 B-Z-y k-z-m-a-n-\-m-c-m-b¬ t-£-{-X-w A-l-½-Z-m-
I-W-vT hÀ-W-n F-¶-v h-n-f-n-¨-p. C-u _-m-Z-n Ø-m-]-n-¨-p. UÂ-l-n-b-n-s-e
I-m-e-L-«-¯-n A-t-±-l-w t-K-m-]-m-e A-£-mÀ-[-m-w DÄ-s-¸-s-S h-n-h-n-[
t-b-m-K-n-b-n \-n-¶-v A-ã-m-w-K t-b-m-K c-m-P-y-§-f-n k-z-m-a-n-\-m-c-m-b¬
l-r-Z-n-Ø-a-m-¡-n. A-t-±-l-w l-n-a-m-e-b-w-, k‑z‑m‑a‑n‑\‑m‑c‑m‑b¬ h‑n‑`‑m‑K‑w t‑£‑{‑X‑§Ä k-¶-y-m-k h-n-`-m-K-¯-n-s-â t-£-
I-m-©-n-, {-i-o-c-w-K-v-]-qÀ-, c-m-t-a-i-z-c-w X-p-S- \‑nÀ‑a‑n‑¡‑p‑I a‑m‑{‑X‑a‑Ã s‑N‑b‑v‑X‑X‑v. a‑d‑n‑¨‑v k‑m‑ {-X-§-f-p-ï-v.
§-n-b Ø-e-§-f-n N-p-ä-n k-©-c-n-¨-p. a‑q‑l‑y ]‑c‑n‑j‑v‑‑I‑c‑W‑¯‑n‑\‑p‑X‑I‑p‑¶ \‑n‑c‑h‑[‑n
A-X-n-\-v t-i-j-w A-t-±-l-w ]-´À-]-qÀ-, t‑I‑{‑µ‑§‑f‑p‑w Ø‑m‑]‑n‑¨‑n‑«‑p‑ï‑v. k‑m‑t‑¦‑X‑n‑I‑ t-e-m-I-¯-v H-c-n-¡Â P-\-n-¨-mÂ
\-m-k-n-I-v F-¶-n-h-n-S-§-f-n-e-q-s-S k-©- h‑n‑Z‑y‑b‑p‑s‑S A‑Û‑p‑X‑I‑c‑a‑m‑b D‑]‑t‑b‑m‑K‑t‑¯‑m‑ B-c-m-b-m-e-p-w a-c-n-¡-W-s-a-¶ A-\-n-
c-n-¨-v K-p-P-d-m-¯-n-s-e-¯-n. 1799 G-g-v s‑S‑m‑¸‑w a‑n‑I‑¨ I‑e‑m‑c‑q‑]‑§‑f‑p‑w \‑n‑§Ä‑¡‑v h-m-c-y-a-m-b k-X-y-a-p-ï-v. 1830 k-z-m-
hÀ-j-s-¯ b-m-{-X-¡-v t-i-j-w A-t-±-l-w C‑h‑n‑s‑S I‑m‑W‑m‑\‑m‑I‑p‑w. k‑mÀ‑h‑t‑Z‑i‑o‑b‑X‑ a-n-\-m-c-m-b¬ X-s-â `-u-X-n-I t-Z-l-w
b-m-{-X-IÄ A-h-k-m-\-n-¸-n-¨-v K-p-P-d-m- t‑b‑m‑s‑S‑m‑¸‑w a‑\‑p‑j‑y‑I‑p‑e‑¯‑n‑s‑â t‑£‑a‑w s-h-S-n-ª-p. C-¶-p-w A-t-±-l-¯-n-s-â
¯-n-s-e P-p-\-K-V-v P-n-Ã-b-n-s-e t-e-m-P-v F‑¶ k‑t‑µ‑i‑h‑p‑w \‑n‑§Ä‑¡‑h‑n‑s‑S \‑n‑¶‑v N-n-´-I-f-p-w B-i-b-§-f-p-w i-n-j-yÀ
F-¶ {-K-m-a-¯-n B-{-i-a P-o-h-n-X-w e‑`‑n‑¡‑p‑w h-g-n t-e-m-I-s-a-§-p-w {-]-N-c-n-¡-p-¶-p.
B-c-w-`-n-¨-p. t-e-m-P-n A-t-±-l-w c-m- þ {-]-[-m-\-a-{-´-n \-t-c-{-µ t-a-m-Z-n
a-m-\-µ k-z-m-a-n-b-p-s-S a-p-X-nÀ-¶ i-n-j-y-
6 \yq C-´y k-am-NmÀ Pq¬ 1-15, 2022