Page 45 - NIS Malayalam January 16-31,2023

B-k-m-Z-n I-m A-a-r-X-v a-t-l-m-Õ-h-v c‑m‑{‑ã‑w

s-a-U-n-¡Â h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k-¯-n-\-p-Å k-u-I-c-y-w
C-´-y-b-n-s-e-¼-m-S-p-w k-Ö-a-m-I-p-¶-p X-m-¡-qÀ t-d-m-j³ k-n-w-K-v

B-t-c-m-K-y-a-p-Å i-c-o-c-¯-n a-m-{-X-t-a B-t-c-m-
K-y-a-p-Å a-\-Ê-v I-p-S-n-s-I-m-Å-p-I-b-p-Å-q. A-X-p- s-X-Ã-p-w t-J-Z-a-n-Ã-m-s-X k-t-´-m-
s-I-m-ï-m-W-v `-m-h-n a-p-¶-nÂ-¡-ï-v-, B-t-c-m-K-y
A-S-n-Ø-m-\ k-u-I-c-y-§-s-f-b-p-w t-U-m-ÎÀ-a-m-s-c- j-t-¯-m-s-S c-à-k-m-£-n-X-z-w
b-p-w C-´-y-m K-h¬-s-aâ-v {-]-m-[-m-\-y-t-¯-m-s-S h-c-n-¨-p
I-m-W-p-¶-X-v. b-p-h-m-¡Ä t-U-m-ÎÀ-a-m-c-m-I-p-¶-X-n-
\-v s-a-U-n-¡Â k-o-ä-p-I-f-p-s-S A-`-m-h-w H-c-p X-S- P‑\‑\‑w: 1892 P‑\‑p‑h‑c‑n 22‑, a‑c‑W‑w: 1927 U‑n‑k‑w‑_À 19
Ê-a-m-I-c-p-X-v. a-m-X-r-`-m-j-b-n D-¶-X h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m- \-n-¡-v t-h-ï-n t-Z-j-y-a-c-p-X-v-, F-s-â a-c-W-w t-J-Z-n-
k-w t-{-]-m-Õ-m-l-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶ t-I-{-µ K-h¬-s-aâ-v-, "F-t-¡-ï-X-Ã-, A-X-v k-t-´-m-j-n-t-¡-ï-X-m-W-v. [-o-c
_-n-c-p-Z-, _-n-c-p-Z-m-\-´-c X-e-§-f-n k-o-ä-p-IÄ h-n-¹-h-I-m-c-n-b-m-b X-m-¡-qÀ t-d-m-j³ k-n-w-K-v h-[-i-n-£-b-v-¡-v
hÀ-²-n-¸-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w s-N-¿-p-¶-p. I-g-n-ª 8 hÀ- s-X-m-«-p-a-p-¼-v X-s-â k-p-l-r-¯-n-\-v F-g-p-X-n-b I-¯-n-e-m-W-v C-u
j-¯-n-\-n-s-S F-w-_-n-_-n-F-k-v k-o-ä-p-I-f-n 87 h-m-¡-p-IÄ D-Å-X-v. 1892 P-\-p-h-c-n 22þ-\-v-, D-¯À-{-]-t-Z-i-n-s-e
i-X-a-m-\-h-p-w ]-n-P-n k-o-ä-p-I-f-n 105 i-X-a-m-\-h-p-w j-m-P-l-m³-]-q-c-n-s-e \-h-m-U {-K-m-a-¯-n I-u-i-e-y t-Z-h-n-
hÀ-[-\-h-p-ï-m-b-n. 2014 \-v t-i-j-w K-h¬-s-aâ-v b-p-s-S-b-p-w P-w-K-n k-n-§-n-s-â-b-p-w a-I-\-m-b-n P-\-\-w. {-_-n-«-o-
s-a-U-n-¡Â t-I-m-t-f-P-p-I-f-p-s-S F-®-¯-n 96 j-v A-[-n-\-n-t-h-i-¯-n \-n-¶-v C-´-y-s-b t-a-m-N-n-¸-n-¡-m³
i-X-a-m-\-h-p-w k-z-I-m-c-y s-a-U-n-¡Â t-I-m-t-f-P-p-I- B-{-K-l-n-¨ H-c-p t-Z-i-o-b-h-m-Z-n-b-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p X-m-¡-qÀ t-d-m-j³
f-p-s-S F-®-¯-n 42 i-X-a-m-\-h-p-w hÀ-[-\-h-p- k-n-w-K-v. H-c-p \-à K-p-k-v-X-n-¡-m-c³ F-¶ \-n-e-b-n-e-p-w j-q-«À
ï-m-b-n. -"H-c-p c-m-P-y-w-, H-c-p ]-c-o-£-, H-c-p a-m-\-Z- F-¶ \-n-e-b-n-e-p-w X-m-¡-qÀ t-d-m-j³ k-n-w-K-v {-]-i-k-v-X-\-m-b-n-
Þ-w-' F-¶ X-¯-z-¯-n-e-q-¶-n-b-m-W-v \-m-j-W c-p-¶-p. k-z-m-X-{-´-y-k-a-c-¯-n i-à-a-m-b ]-¦-v h-l-n-¡-m³
F-e-n-P-n-_-n-e-n-ä-n I-w F³-{-S³-k-v s-S-Ì-v (NEET) ]-m-I-¯-n-e-m-W-v a-m-X-m-]-n-X-m-¡Ä a-I-s-\ h-fÀ-¯-n-b-X-v F-¶-v
B-c-w-`-n-¨-X-v. ]-d-b-s-¸-S-p-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p.
612 \-n-Ê-l-I-c-W {-]-Ø-m-\-w (1920-21) s-I-m-S-p-¼-n-c-n-s-¡-m-ï
A-h-k-c-¯-nÂ-, C-´-y³ \-m-j-WÂ t-I-m¬-{-K-k-n-s-â k-¶-
² {-K-q-¸-p-I-f-p-s-S t-Z-i-o-b {-]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä {-_-n-«-o-j-v A-[-n-
I-m-c-n-IÄ \-n-t-c-m-[-n-¨-X-n-s-\-X-n-s-c X-m-¡-qÀ t-d-m-j³ k-n-w-K-n-
s-â t-\-X-r-X-z-¯-n _-t-d-e-n {-]-t-Z-i-¯-v {-]-X-n-t-j-[ a-mÀ-¨-v
\-S-¯-n. C-X-v X-S-b-m³ t-]-m-e-o-k-v s-h-S-n-b-p-X-nÀ-¡-p-I-b-p-w
334 t-d-m-j³ k-n-w-K-v DÄ-s-¸-s-S-b-p-Å {-]-X-n-t-j-[-¡-m-s-c A-d-Ì-v
s-N-¿-p-I-b-p-w s-N-b-v-X-p. X-p-SÀ-¶-v _-t-d-e-n s-k³-{-SÂ P-b-n-
e-n c-ï-v hÀ-j-w X-S-h-n-\-v i-n-£-n-¡-s-¸-«-p. C-u I-m-e-b-f-
190 h-n _-t-d-e-n-b-n-s-e P-b-n-eÀ X-t-¶-m-S-v I-m-W-n-¨ {-I-q-c-a-m-b
s-]-c-p-a-m-ä-¯-n-\-v {-]-X-n-I-m-c-w s-N-¿-p-s-a-¶-v X-m-¡-qÀ t-d-m-j³
98 111 128 k-n-w-K-v {-]-X-n-Ú-s-b-S-p-¯-p. P-b-n t-a-m-N-n-X-\-m-b t-i-j-w
60 ]-Þ-n-ä-v c-m-w-{-]-k-m-Z-v _-n-k-v-a-n-e-p-a-m-b-n I-q-S-n-¡-m-g-v-¨ \-S-¯-n.
28 ]-p-X-n-b h-n-¹-h-I-m-c-n-IÄ-¡-v j-q-«-n-w-K-v ]T-n-¸-n-¡-m-\-p-Å N-p-
a-X-e A-t-±-l-w t-d-m-j³ k-n-w-K-n-s-\ GÂ-¸-n-¨-p. 1924þÂ
X-m-¡-qÀ t-d-m-j³ k-n-w-K-v l-n-µ-p-Ø-m³ t-k-m-j-y-e-n-Ì-v d-n-
1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2002 2011 2022 ¸-»-n-¡³ A-t-k-m-k-n-t-b-j-\-n t-NÀ-¶-p-, A-X-n c-m-w-
{-]-k-m-Z-v _-n-k-v-a-nÂ-, A-j-v-^-m-J-p-Å J-m³-, c-m-t-P-{-µ \-m-Y-v
1951 s-\ A-t-]-£-n-¨-v s-a-U-n-¡Â t-I-m-t-f-P-p-I- e-m-l-n-c-n X-p-S-§-n \-n-c-h-[-n h-n-¹-h-I-m-c-n-IÄ DÄ-s-¸-«-n-c-p-¶-p.
f-p-s-S F-®-¯-n 21 a-S-§-v hÀ-²-\; I-g-n-ª X-m-¡-qÀ t-d-m-j³ k-n-w-K-n-s-â \-nÀ-`-b-X-X-z-h-p-w s-s-[-c-y-h-p-w
Z-i-I-s-¯ A-t-]-£-n-¨-v C-c-«-n hÀ-[-\. {-_-n-«-o-j-v `-c-W-I-q-S-¯-n-s-â {-i-² B-IÀ-j-n-¨-p. I-t-¡-m-c-n
s-{-S-b-n³ k-w-`-h-¯-n DÄ-s-¸-«-n-c-p-¶-n-s-Ã-¦-n-e-p-w-, A-[-n-I-m-
X-r-X-o-b ]-c-n-N-c-W B-i-p-]-{-X-n-I-f-p-s-S-b-p-w c-n-IÄ A-t-±-l-s-¯ ]-n-S-n-I-q-S-n h-n-N-m-c-W s-N-b-v-X-p. A-X-nÂ
s-a-U-n-¡Â h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k-¯-n-s-â-b-p-w s-a-¨-s-¸-« c-m-w-{-]-k-m-Z-v _-n-k-v-a-nÂ-, A-j-v-^-m-J-p-Å J-m³-, c-m-t-P-{-µ \-m-Y-v
e-`-y-X-b-v-¡-m-b-n {-]-[-m-\-a-{-´-n k-z-m-Ø-y k-p-c- e-m-l-n-c-n F-¶-n-hÀ-¡-v H-¸-w h-[-i-n-£ h-n-[-n-¨-p. \-nÀ-`-b-c-m-b
£-m t-b-m-P-\.
C-u h-n-¹-h-I-m-c-n-I-s-f {-_-n-«-o-j-v A-[-n-I-m-c-n-IÄ `-b-s-¸-«-n-c-p-
]-p-X-n-b s-a-U-n-¡Â t-I-m-t-f-P-p-IÄ-¡-v t-I-{-µ ¶-p. A-h-c-m-c-p-w c-£-s-¸-S-n-s-Ã-¶-v D-d-¸-m-¡-m³-, c-m-w-{-]-k-m-Z-v
[-\-k-l-m-b-w D-d-¸-m-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-m-b-n 2014 a-p- _-n-k-v-a-nÂ-, A-j-v-^-m-J-p-Å J-m³-, X-m-¡-qÀ t-d-m-j³ k-n-w-K-v-,
XÂ t-I-{-µ-m-h-n-j-v-I-r-X ]-²-X-n. c-m-t-P-{-µ \-m-Y-v e-m-l-n-c-n F-¶-n-h-s-c 1927 U-n-k-w-_À 19 \-v
t-K-m-c-J-v-]-qÀ-, A-e-l-_-m-Z-v ({-]-b-m-{-K-m-P-v-)-, t-K-m-ï P-b-n-e-p-I-
\-n-e-h-n-e-p-Å P-n-Ã-m/d-^-d B-i-p-]-{-X-n-I-t-f-m- f-n s-h-t-Æ-s-d X-q-¡-n-t-e-ä-m³ X-o-c-p-a-m-\-n-¨-p. 1927 U-n-k-w-_À
S-v A-\-p-_-Ô-n-¨-v ]-p-X-n-b s-a-U-n-¡Â t-I-m-t-f- 19 \-v X-m-¡-qÀ t-d-m-j³ k-n-w-K-n-s-\ X-q-¡-n-t-e-ä-n.
P-p-IÄ Ø-m-]-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-p-Å t-I-{-µ-m-h-n-j-v-
I-r-X ]-²-X-n.
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